Geological Sciences is a branch of the natural sciences that studies the Earth. The major aims of the branch are to identify the characteristics, structure, and composition of the substances forming the Earth, and to shed light on the history of the transformation of the biological world and the inanimate world through the study of geological eras. As the Earth is the only habitat for human beings, the exploration and contemplation of the Earth not only satisfies one’s interest as a pure science, but also gives one a strong sense of pride, dignity and duty. Geological Science has contributed in many ways to the maintenance and development of the industrial society and to the enhancement of quality of life, and its role will only grow in the years to come. Virtually all aspects of our lives are closely related to Geological Science. Geological Science plays an important role in the development and utilization of natural resources, including crude oil, metal, andgemstones; in the evaluation and prediction of natural disasters such as earthquakes or landslides; in the study of ground for construction; in the development and preservation of underground water used for a variety of purposes; in the evaluation and utilization of the natural environment; and in the prevention of pollution. Geological Science covers a wide area, and is a comprehensive science in that it is closely interrelated with basic sciences such as Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, and Biology, as well as with other sciences such as Oceanography, Archaeology, Civil Engineering, Mineral and Energy Resources Engineering, Metal Engineering, Urban Engineering, Environmental Science, Materials Science, and the Science of Agriculture. As such, students can choose a subject that is closely related to many other areas of study, or choose a subject within the geological sciences that suits their interest and aptitude.